Corneal infection, also known as keratitis, is an inflammation of the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. This condition can be caused by various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Bacterial keratitis is often linked to improper contact lens use, such as wearing lenses overnight or not following proper cleaning procedures. Viral keratitis, particularly caused by the herpes simplex virus, can result from reactivation of a prior infection. Fungal keratitis might develop following eye trauma involving organic matter, like a plant scratch, or from wearing contaminated contact lenses. Acanthamoeba keratitis, a rare but serious infection, is often associated with poor contact lens hygiene or exposure to contaminated water. Symptoms of corneal infection typically include redness, pain, excessive tearing, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and the sensation of a foreign body in the eye. The treatment for corneal infection depends on the cause. Bacterial keratitis usually requires antibiotic eye drops, while viral infections may be treated with antiviral medications. Fungal keratitis often necessitates antifungal eye drops or oral medications, and severe cases might need corneal surgery. For Acanthamoeba keratitis, a combination of anti-amoebic medications is typically used. In all cases, it is crucial to seek prompt medical attention to prevent complications such as corneal scarring, vision loss, or even the need for a corneal transplant. Proper eye hygiene, particularly for contact lens users, is essential in preventing corneal infections. This includes thorough hand washing before handling lenses, using sterile solutions for lens cleaning and storage, and avoiding water contact with lenses.
